The prevalence of nonimmunological HYDROPS FETALIS has been reported between 1 in 1500 and 1 in 4000, with an approximate 80% mortality rate. This case-report study explains a case of HYDROPS FETALIS, presented with generalized edema and pleural and pericardial effusion at 30 weeks of gestation with preterm birth at this age due to preterm uterine contractions. No etiology was found for HYDROPS and all signs resolved thoroughly after birth without treatment. After birth, the newborn was admitted to neonatal intensive care unit and discharged after 47 days in good condition. The infant was completely healthy within three months after delivery.

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is a rare condition of the placenta and its true incidence and underlying cause has remained unknown till now due to its rarity. Its accurate diagnosis is essential, because placental mesenchymal dysplasia is usually compatible with a good fetal and maternal outcome. A precise ultrasonographic evaluation can contribute to the identification of characteristic features, particularly to discriminate it from partial hydatidiform mole, its main differential diagnosis. We report an early third-trimester pathologically- diagnosed case of placental mesenchymal dysplasia. It was complicated by fetal HYDROPS and death.

Background and Objectives During pregnancy, irregular blood group antibodies originating either from earlier pregnancies or from blood transfusions may severely affect child health. In this report, a case of maternal alloimmunization to Kell antigen is described.CaseThe mother had a history of partial mole and four repeated intrauterine fetal death due to HYDROPS FETALIS.ConclusionsScreening of irregular blood group antibodies revealed that she has anti-Kell with the titer of 1:4096. Also in genetic analysis, a C677T homozygous mutation of MTHFR gene was found, which could potentially enhance destructive effects of anti-Kell antibody. The described case emphasizes the importance of being informed about the presence of irregular blood group antibodies during pregnancy which may cause recurrent HYDROPS.

Background: Chorioangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the placenta originating from primitive angioblastic tissues. It comprises near 1 percent of placental tumors. Clinical manifestations in the newborn are rare and usually associated with tumors greater than 5 cm in diameter and consist of polyhydramnios, fetal anemia, massive edema with pleural effusion, ascites and intrauterine growth retardation. We present a case with large chorioangioma as the cause of non-immunologic HYDROPS FETALIS with a successful outcome.Case Presentation: The patient was a female newborn with history of polyhydramnios, symptoms of congestive heart failure and associated anemia, thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. The pathophysiology and management of the complications of HYDROPS FETALIS with chorioangioma are discussed.Conclusion: Chorioangioma of the placenta has potentially serious perinatal risks and so the pregnancy needs to have regular surveillance. The chance of developing complications is directly related with the tumor size.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) or Sly syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of β-glucuronidase enzyme, which is involved in degradation of glycosaminoglycans. The lack of β-glucuronidase in this lysosomal storage disorder is characterized by various manifestations such as nonimmune HYDROPS FETALIS, spinal deformity, organomegaly, dysostosis multiplex, intellectual disability, and eye involvement. It is caused by a mutation in GUSB gene located on chromosome 7 q11. The current study reported an Iranian female with MPS VII and a novel mutation (c. 542G>T, p. Arg181Leu) in GUSB gene.

One of the most common causes of fetal anemia is red cell alloimmunization. The most common routes of maternal sensitization are via blood transfusion or fetomaternal hemorrhage. Antibodies can cross the placenta during pregnancies in alloimmunized women and, if the fetus is positive for these specific erythrocyte surface antigens, result in hemolysis of fetal erythrocytes and anemia. This in turn, can lead to potentially disastrous consequence for the fetus, such as HYDROPS FETALIS (HF), a high-output cardiac failure syndrome. The standard treatment in fetuses with anemia is intrauterine transfusion (IUT). Mirror Syndrome (MS) is a rare condition in pregnancy, in which maternal edema in pregnancy is seen in association with severe fetal and/or placental HYDROPS. The pathogenesis, although not well established, mimics trophoblastic damage and maternal vascular endothelial dysfunction, as is also observed in preeclampsia, and hence, the two conditions may have a similar clinical presentation [1]. The clinical manifestations of this disease are complex. It is easily underdiagnosed and timely intervention is needed to prevent fetal and maternal morbidity. MS can be reversible when the underlying factors are identified and modified [2, 3]. If correction of the underlying fetal abnormality is not possible, the consensual treatment is to deliver the hydropic fetus and placenta, with improvement of the maternal condition shortly thereafter. We report a case of HF and MS secondary to Rh-D alloimmunization that did not respond to IUT.

Introduction: HYDROPS FETALIS (HF) secondary to cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a rare but potentially fatal entity in neonates. This study aimed at providing data for diagnosis, management, and prevention of CMV associated HF in neonates. Herein, a case of non-immune HYDROPS FETALIS (NIHF) associated with CMV infection is described and a review of the literature is presented.Case Presentation: A female neonate was born at 373.7 weeks of gestational age with clinical findings of HF in Istanbul, Turkey, during year 2015. The infant was admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) due to respiratory distress. The CMV Ig Mwas positive for both the baby and the mother. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated 6640 copies of CMV in the urine sample.Therefore, CMV infection was considered as the main cause of NIHF and ganciclovir therapy was initiated. As the patient responded well and survived, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first long-term survived case of CMV associated HF.Conclusions: Congenital CMV infection should be kept in mind as a seldom and life-threatening cause of NIHF. Because serologic tests are not sensitive, antenatal son ographical, postnatal clinical and laboratory findings are crucial for accurate diagnosis and early treatment. All these cautions may be associated with for a better prognosis.

Mediastinal immature teratoma in autopsy of fetus is a very rare phenomena which has been reported so far just in two cases. The case of the present study was a 24-week dead female fetus delivered by C/S for intrauterine death. The mother was a 30-year-old lady (gravide 2, para 2) who referred to sonographist due to lack of fetus movement. In sonography intrauterine fetal death and HYDROPS FETALIS was reported. There was no positive history of previous abortion or congenital anomalia in her first bady. Positive gross autopsy finding was pleuretic cyanotic edematous fetus and one solid mediastinal paracardiac mass. After classic cutting a mediastinal mass measured 32×2×cm was seen. Hypoplasia of two lungs and heart due to compression effect of mass was evident. Microscopic examination of the mass revealed an immature teratoma.

Introduction: HYDROPS FETALIS is a serious condition in fetal period, characterized by the presence of serous fluid accumulation in at least two potential spaces in fetus including pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and ascites. The incidence of HYDROPS FETALIS is one per 2500-3000 pregnancies. This condition is followed by different diseases. Fetal hemolytic anemia and its hypoxemia due to HYDROPS FETALIS are potentially life or function threatening. Mortality rate is 50-90%; this poor prognosis is improving with advances in prenatal and medical treatment.Methods and Materials: This study performed on patients’ records with HYDROPS FETALIS diagnosis in one of the neonatal referral and academic center, Vali-e-Asr Hospital Tehran, the capital of Iran from 2003 to 2010. Etiology, prognosis, and frequency of HYDROPS FETALIS in newborns were evaluated.Results: Out of 10878 cases, 0.35% was born with HYDROPS FETALIS: 18.42% immune [Rh incompatibility (%85.71), Kell antigen system (%14.29)] and 81.58% non-immune.Conclusion: The rate of HYDROPS due to Rh incompatibility is significant in our center (85.71%), however, it is unusual in most of medical centers all over the world.

Background: Rhesus D-antibodies and maternal red blood cell alloimmunizations are the major causes of fetal anemia, which can cause HYDROPS and perinatal death if not treated through intrauterine intravascular blood transfusion (IUT). This paper sought to report the short-term neonatal outcomes after IUT in a referral academic center. Methods: The population of this retrospective cohort study comprised all pregnancies that underwent IUT between March 2014 and March 2019. The maternal obstetrics characteristics as well as blood group, antibody screen, and titers were reported. Indeed, the fetal and neonatal outcomes and complications were described either. Results: A total of 141 IUTs were performed in 58 women. Of all, 15 fetuses were hydropic at the first transfusion. The mean±, SD (standard deviation) of gestational age and hemoglobin at the first transfusion was 27. 06±, 4. 25 weeks and 6. 62±, 2. 91 g/dL, respectively. The range of transfusions was 1. 8 per woman and the mean±, SD amount of blood transfusion in IUT was 84. 03±, 48. 79 cc. 7/58 (12%) intrauterine and 6/58 (10%) neonatal death were reported, of which, four cases were hydropic and the others suffered from severe anemia. The mean±, SD of gestation age at delivery was 33. 6 ±,3. 33 weeks. A significant difference was observed between mean fetal hemoglobin levels before and after performing the IUT procedure (p< 0. 01). Also, middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler assessments showed anemia severity decreased following IUT Conclusion: It seems Intrauterine transfusion is a lifesaving procedure that can boost perinatal survival in fetuses with anemia.